| Past Issues: |
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| Winter 2000 |
| Publication Date: December 1, 2000 |
| Posted: Wednesday, October 29, 2003 |
| This issue offers reflections on humanitarian intervention by two commentators. Elliott Abrams is the president of the Ethics and Public Policy Center and the current chairman of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. His essay is adapted from one published in a new book by Freedom House, Freedom in the World 1999-2000, and also in The National Interest (Spring 2000). Andrew Natsios, whose career has included service as an official of the Christian relief organization World Vision and, before that, of USA1D, is currently in charge of the "Big Dig" project in Boston. His essay is adapted from a chapter in the Ethics and Public Policy Center's 1998 book Close Calls. |
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| Spring 2001 |
| Publication Date: March 1, 2001 |
| Posted: Thursday, March 1, 2001 |
| This issue includes 'Coping with China'; 'China's Struggle with Modernity'; 'Comments on "China's Struggle with Modernity"'; and 'U.S. Policy Toward China' |
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| Winter 1999-2000 |
| Publication Date: December 1, 1999 |
| Posted: Wednesday, December 1, 1999 |
| This issue includes 'Keeping Ahead: How to Maintain American Military Superiority'; 'The American People and Their Military'; 'The Reagan Restoration'; 'Promoting Indifference'; 'Tomorrow’s Strategic Challenges'; 'Four Modern Challenges'; 'Guidelines for Strategic Thinking'; 'Technology and Military Strength'; 'Components of the Revolution'; 'Implications for Defense Investment'; and 'Creating Multiple Options'. |
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| Spring 1999 |
| Publication Date: March 1, 1999 |
| Posted: Monday, March 1, 1999 |
| This issue includes 'Whose Past is it, Anyway?'; '"We Choose Democracy"'; 'National vs. Universal Jurisdiction'; 'The Pirates of Today'; 'The Need for Prudence'; and 'From the Opinions of the Seven Law Lords'. |
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| Spring / Summer 1998 |
| Publication Date: June 1, 1998 |
| Posted: Monday, June 1, 1998 |
| This issue includes 'When Trade Lets Down the Flag'; 'Does Trade Promote Democracy and Human Rights?'; '"Engagement" or Exploitation in Cuba?'; 'Words or War'; 'United We Stand?'; 'Are We the "Pathfinder"?'; and 'Undercutting American Leadership'. |
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| Fall / Winter 1997 |
| Publication Date: December 1, 1997 |
| Posted: Monday, December 1, 1997 |
| This issue includes 'Nazi Gold and Chinese Christians'; 'Religious Persecution and U.S. Foreign Policy'; 'America, Again'; 'The Relevance of American Power'; 'The Christian Lobby'; 'Religious Persecution and U.S. National Interests'; and 'The Question of China'. |
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| Spring 1997 |
| Publication Date: March 1, 1997 |
| Posted: Saturday, March 1, 1997 |
| This issue consists of a conversation with George P. Shultz about many different subjects. These subjects include 'The Timing of the North American Free Trade Agreement'; 'Human Rights in China and the Soviet Union'; 'Message to Israel'; 'Trade Embargoes and Foreign Aid'; and 'A Victory for Freedom'. |
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| Spring 1996 |
| Publication Date: May 1, 1996 |
| Posted: Wednesday, May 1, 1996 |
| In mid-January, the Ethics and Public Policy Center hosted the first in a series of scholars' conferences intended to refine contemporary just war thinking by engaging some of the key dynamics of post-Cold War international life. Excerpts from the conference papers are printed below, along with examples of the conversation the papers generated. Articles in this issue include 'Just War in a New Era of Military Affairs'; 'The Concept of Just Cause'; 'Humanitarian Intervention: From Concept to Reality'; and 'Competent Authority Revisited'. |
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| Winter 1995 |
| Publication Date: December 1, 1995 |
| Posted: Friday, December 1, 1995 |
| On October 5,1995, Pope John Paul II spoke to the Fiftieth General Assembly of the United Nations at U.N. headquarters in New York. The full text of the Pope's address, which was delivered in English, French, Russian, and Spanish, is printed below. The italics in the text are in the original. George Weigel's commentary on the address, parts of which originally appeared in the Los Angeles Times, follows. |
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| Autumn 1995 |
| Publication Date: September 1, 1995 |
| Posted: Friday, September 1, 1995 |
| This issue includes 'In Remembrance of Things Past: V-E Day, V-J Day, and All That'; 'Making Sense of the Madness'; 'Forgetting God'; 'The Revenge of the Revisionists'; 'Blaming Harry'; 'The Smithsonian Confusion'; 'Vulgarizing Bad History'; 'Hiroshima: The Moral Argument Revisited'; 'The Policy and the Options'; and 'Rights, Wrongs, and Responsibilities'. |
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| Summer 1995 |
| Publication Date: June 1, 1995 |
| Posted: Thursday, June 1, 1995 |
| This issue consists of a conversation with Elliot Abrams about many different subjects. These subjects include 'The Rhythm to the American Foreign-policy Debate'; 'Monroe and Aquinas'; 'Whatever Happened to V-C Day?'; 'A Presidential Pantheon'; 'Bush, Revisited'; 'Defining "Humanitarian Intervention"'; 'The Responsibilities of Leadership'; 'Endgame in Cuba'; and 'Looking Toward 1996'. |
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| Spring 1995 |
| Publication Date: March 1, 1995 |
| Posted: Wednesday, March 1, 1995 |
| On February 13-14,1995, the Ethics and Public Policy Center, the Institute for European Defence and Strategic Studies, the Institute of United States Studies at the University of London, and the Social Affairs Unit co-sponsored an international conference entitled "Learning the Limits: The Politics and Priorities of the United Nations in the New World Order." The conference, held at Senate House, University of London, featured papers by such scholars and publicists as Jeremy Rabkin of Cornell, Mark Almond of Oriel College, Oxford, Anne Applebaum of the London Spectator, and John Bolton, former U.S. assistant secretary of state for international organization affairs. My paper, which appears in full here, brought together new material on two forthcoming U.N. meetings (the "Social Summit," to be held in Copenhagen in March, and the Fourth International Conference on Women, to be held in Beijing in September), along with themes from essays of mine in the February 1995 issues of Commentary ("Are Human Rights Stilt Universal?") and First Things ("What Really Happened at Cairo"). [G.W.] |
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| Winter 1994-95 |
| Publication Date: December 1, 1994 |
| Posted: Thursday, December 1, 1994 |
| This issue includes 'Five Years After the Revolution'; 'A Mitteleuropa Gallery'; 'Remembering the Revolution'; 'Getting It'; 'Politics, Politics . . .'; 'The Comeback Kids'; and 'The Imperative of Cultural Reformation'. |
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| Summer 1994 |
| Publication Date: August 1, 1994 |
| Posted: Monday, August 1, 1994 |
| This issue includes 'Not Decadent Beyond Repair'; 'The Critique'; 'Social Rot'; 'Political Paralysis'; 'Back to Square One'; 'Demythologizing the Demythologizers'; 'Authoritarianism and Its Discontents'; 'Fragile Stability'; and 'Pluralism and Universality'. |
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| March - April 1994 |
| Publication Date: April 1, 1994 |
| Posted: Friday, April 1, 1994 |
| This issue includes 'Wirth's Law, Havel's Woodshed'; 'Those Who Rule Us'; 'The Old War, Revisited'; 'Havel's Challenge'; 'The Truth of the World'; 'Calibrating Our Response'; and 'Taking Our Medicine'. |
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| January - February 1994 |
| Publication Date: February 1, 1994 |
| Posted: Tuesday, February 1, 1994 |
| This issue includes 'For Peace in Europe'; 'The Centrality of Europe'; 'The Dilemma of Russia'; 'A Complex of Complexities'; 'Storm Warnings'; 'Muscular Diplomacy'; 'The Case for the New NATO'; 'Policy Toward Russia'; 'Policy Toward Ukraine'; 'Policy Toward Central Europe'; and 'Beyond Yalta'. |
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| September - October 1993 |
| Publication Date: October 1, 1993 |
| Posted: Friday, October 1, 1993 |
| This issue includes 'National Endowment for Democracy'; 'The Freedom Offensive'; 'The Reagan Initiative'; 'A Private/Public Partnership'; 'The NED Difference'; 'Works Built on Faith'; 'Challenging the Disinformation/Misinformation Campaign'; 'Witnessing'; and 'Why We Should Care'. |
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| July - August 1993 |
| Publication Date: August 1, 1993 |
| Posted: Sunday, August 1, 1993 |
| This issue includes 'The New Human Rights Debate'; 'A Troublesome Declaration'; 'An American Argument, a European Revolution'; 'Back to Square One'; 'The Bangkok Conspirators'; 'Getting It Less-Than-Half Right'; 'The Vienna Declaration'; 'The Dogs That Didn't Bark'; 'The Indictment'; 'Boondoggles'; and 'The Necessity of Hardball'. |
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| May - June 1993 |
| Publication Date: June 1, 1993 |
| Posted: Tuesday, June 1, 1993 |
| This issue includes 'Hawks and Doves Revisited'; 'The Communist Hangover'; 'The Pusillanimous West'; and 'The Question of U.S. Military Intervention'. |
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| March 1993 |
| Publication Date: April 1, 1993 |
| Posted: Thursday, April 1, 1993 |
| To indicate something of the range and distinctive character of the Holy See's public concerns, the balance of this issue of American Purpose will be given over to Pope John Paul II's annual New Year's address to the diplomats accredited to the Holy See. After being greeted in the name of the diplomatic corps by its dean, Ambassador Joseph Amichia of Ivory Coast, the pope led the assembled representatives on a global tour d'horizon from the viewpoint of an observer whose concerns for the moral health of the human family are inevitably shaped by the facts of political and economic life—and strife. The text that follows, which is a translation from the French original, appeared in the English weekly edition of the Vatican newspaper, L'Osservatore Romano. Section numbers have been omitted and subheads added.—G.W.
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| April 1993 |
| Publication Date: April 1, 1993 |
| Posted: Thursday, April 1, 1993 |
| This issue includes 'After the Twin Towers Attack'; 'Understanding Terrorism'; 'Counterterrorism: Four Levantine Strategies'; and 'Counterterrorism: A Policy Outline'. |
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| February 1993 |
| Publication Date: February 1, 1993 |
| Posted: Monday, February 1, 1993 |
| Ten years ago this coming May, the National Conference of Catholic Bishops issued a pastoral letter entitled "The Challenge of Peace: God's Promise and Our Response." During its preparation, while it was being debated by the bishops, and after it was issued, TCOP (as the letter came to be known) was a highly controversial, and widely controverted, document. Now, the bishops' conference has appointed an Ad Hoc Committee on the Tenth Anniversary of "The Challenge of Peace," charged with preparing a new reflection on the imperatives of peacemaking in a post-Cold War world. The Ad Hoc Committee invited me to testify at one of its meetings last month, and what follows is the written testimony I submitted on that occasion. I offer it to a wider public in the hope that it might help provoke the kind of serious moral debate that the Ad Hoc Committee seeks to foster.—G.W. |
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| January 1988 |
| Publication Date: January 1, 1988 |
| Posted: Friday, January 1, 1988 |
| This issue includes 'Oscar Arias at the Nobel Awards Ceremony'; 'Third Thoughts'; 'The Glasnot Monitor'; 'The Sarajevo Fallacy'; and 'Substance Vs. Character'. |
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| December 1987 |
| Publication Date: December 1, 1987 |
| Posted: Tuesday, December 1, 1987 |
| This issue includes 'A Seasonal Meditation, with Thanks to William Faulkner'; 'Peace on (Part of) Earth'; 'Peace on (Another Part of) Earth', 'Archbishop Stafforad Oim'; 'Remembering Scoop'; 'Religious Liberty in Lithuania'; and 'In Brief'. |
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| November 1987 |
| Publication Date: November 1, 1987 |
| Posted: Sunday, November 1, 1987 |
| This issue includes 'Sink the U.N.?'; 'Compound Ignorance'; 'Decline and Fall'; 'Senator Bradley on the Chautauqua Circuit'; 'Listening to the Central American Bishops'; and 'In Brief'. |
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| October 1987 |
| Publication Date: October 1, 1987 |
| Posted: Thursday, October 1, 1987 |
| This issue includes 'The New Left, the Old Left, and the Peace Movement'; 'On Getting Involved'; 'Take Him Out to the Ball Game'; 'In Print'; 'Switzerland at the Cape of Good Hope?'; 'Antigone Meets Joan of Arc'; 'Peace, Liberty, and Land Reform'; and 'In Brief'. |
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| September 1987 |
| Publication Date: September 1, 1987 |
| Posted: Tuesday, September 1, 1987 |
| This issue includes 'America and the World: A Bicentennial Reflection'. |
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| July / August 1987 |
| Publication Date: July 1, 1987 |
| Posted: Wednesday, July 1, 1987 |
| This issue includes 'Calhoun's Heir, or the Balkanization of American Foreign Policy'; 'The Struggle for the Catholic Human Rights Revloution'; 'On His Mind'; 'The Moral Case for Democracy'; and 'In Brief'. |
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| May / June 1987 |
| Publication Date: May 1, 1987 |
| Posted: Friday, May 1, 1987 |
| This issue includes 'Idealism Without Illusions'; 'Nuclear Denial'; 'Stubborn, Those Americans'; 'Ethics, War, and Peace'; 'Madison Senior Fellowships'; 'On Keeping Your Head'; 'In Brief'. |
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| March 1987 |
| Publication Date: March 1, 1987 |
| Posted: Sunday, March 1, 1987 |
| This issue includes 'Light from the East: Peace Freedom, and the Civil Society'; 'Fog from the West'; 'And, Last but Not Least, from the South...'; 'The Chroniclers'; and the 'The Hauerwas Thesis'. |
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| February 1987 |
| Publication Date: February 1, 1987 |
| Posted: Sunday, February 1, 1987 |
| This issue includes 'A Question of Witness'; 'Once More, With Feeling'; 'Coalitions for Democracy'; 'Evangelical Breakthrough'; 'Open Mikes'; and 'Ike Revisited'. |
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| January 1987 |
| Publication Date: January 1, 1987 |
| Posted: Thursday, January 1, 1987 |
| This issue includes, 'Our Purposes'; 'Orwell Lives'; 'The Peacemakers'; 'Breaking Ranks'; 'The Posner Problem'; 'Rightest Overtones'; and 'Back in the USSR'. |
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