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Evangelicals in Civic Life
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Since the events of September 11, new questions about the role of religion in American public and civic life have gained added salience. In particular, questions about Islam, about religious dialogue with Muslims, and the place of religion within democracy have come to the fore.

In a newly commissioned survey, the Ray C. Bliss Institute will examine how evangelical laity and leaders answer these kinds of questions. From Franklin Graham's assertions about the inherent nature of Islam to valid questions about the place of religion in a democracy, we will attempt to gauge how the terrorists' attacks of 9/11 have infuenced American evangelical Christians and their relationship to other faiths and citizens.

This new survey was conducted during the election season of 2002, and its results will be released at a leadership colloquium on Evangelical and Islam in 2003.

The first of this two part survey examines the perspectives both of evangelical “elites”-i.e., opinion shapers who are influential among laity-and of evangelical laity and their engagement in American public life and political issues.

The project commissioned the survey under the able guidance of John Green of University of Akron, and the Ray C. Bliss Institute of Applied Politics.

Survey of Evangelical Elites: A questionnaire was sent to leaders of the evangelical community, including heads of denominations, seminaries, prominent parachurch organizations, and political groups. The questionnaire covered opinions on civic engagement, including its intellectual justification, and on the range of activities evangelicals undertake in the public square. Important themes were separatism versus engagement, and pragmatist versus purist orientations toward engagement.

Survey of Evangelicals in the Mass Public: Because the boundaries of the evangelical community are indistinct, and because it is useful to compare evangelicals to members of other religious communities, the Bliss Institute used a panel study design for this survey.

The panel design was as follows:

A national, random sample of 5,000 adults was surveyed early in the presidential primary season. These respondents received a full questionnaire covering religious affiliation, beliefs, and behaviors; engagement in civic activities within and outside a church context; attitudes toward civic engagement; and standard political, social, and demographic questions.

After the election the initial sample was reinterviewed. Respondents were asked about their political preferences, level of attention to the campaign and public affairs, personal contact with religious and political groups, attitudes on salient issue positions, and voting behavior in the 2000 general election.

The Quotable Cromartie
Recent clippings of VP and Senior Fellow. Michael Cromartie

On the new generation of evangelicals: "This new generation has the same convictions but without the edge. They may believe all the same things, but ... they've learned how to present themselves." (Washington Post, 3/6/04)

On politics and religion: Michael Cromartie, vice president of the Ethics and Public Policy Center, said that "too often, at least in religiously conservative communities ... there seems to be a concern that we must first of all get the whole culture converted to our theology before you can work for public good." Such a conversion is "not going to happen," he said, so that the question becomes: "How do you find a public grammar, a public language in order to work with people who actually agree with you on the policy but don't agree with you on the theology?" (Washington Post, 2/20/05)

On J. I. Packer's book Knowing God: "Conservative Methodists and Presbyterians and Baptists could all look at it and say, 'This sums it all up for us.'" (Time, 2/7/05)

Michael Cromartie: "The large evangelical populace in this country will cut President Bush a lot of slack. It's the self-appointed leaders in the evangelical movement who won't. I think most evangelicals are more tolerant, and understand political reality more, than the heads of organizations who try to speak for these groups." (The Bakersfield Californian, 11/12/2004)

On politics and religion: "Sure, you have a lot of progressive religious people and, politically, they are going to vote for Kerry. Your problem is that you have a small but significant cohort in the Democratic Party that is really anti-religious and doesn't want to bring religious values and norms into the public arena. That makes it difficult for people from a more moderate to conservative bent religiously to be around the party. They feel excluded and unwanted." (Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 10/10/04)

On politics and religion: "Michael Cromartie, director of the evangelical studies project of the Washington-based Ethics and Public Policy Center, said the religious left is preaching to the liberal choir, not religious swing voters. 'They already have this [liberal] vote,' he said. 'This National Council of Churches crowd is not about to vote for Bush, anyway." (Washington Post, 9/4/04, p. B9)

On natural law:  "Michael Cromartie, who directs projects involving evangelicals at the Ethics and Public Policy Center in Washington, invoked thinkers like John Calvin and concepts like 'common grace,' all with impeccable REformation credentials. 'A proper appropriation of the natural law tradition,' Mr. Cromartie wrote, 'can provide a public grammar for making appeals in the public arena to people who hold diverse philosophical worldviews and presuppositions." (New York Times, 8/21/04, p. A15)

Michael Cromartie: "The debate evangelicals are having among themselves today is not whether Christians should be concerned for justice, which we should, but what role and how large a role government should have in creating that justice. ... The debate we now need to have is whether certain policies have created more justice for the marginalized, or have they made matters worse? Many eminent social sicentists think the latter." (World, July 3/10, 2004)

Michael Cromartie: "People don't want a President to think that every important decision has a stamp of God's approval and that God is always on his side. ... [Americans] want their Presidents to be pious but not self-righteously so. So there's a paradox, isn't there? A President has to seem to be relying on God's wisdom but not acting like all his decisions are God's decisions." (Time, 6/21/04


Mark Noll
What is an "Evangelical"?
A thoughtful look at a complicated notion

Mark Noll, professor at Wheaton College, delivered a lecture on "Understanding American Evangelicals" at EPPC's 2003 conference in Key West, Florida. He provides the history of evangelical movements, discusses the number of American evangelicals, and takes the measure of evangelical hymns. An elegant and eloquent presentation for those curious about what it means to be an evangelical. 


 The views expressed by EPPC scholars in their work are their individual views only and are not to be imputed to EPPC as an institution.     
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